龙,是华夏文明的符号,是中华民族的图腾和象征。龙文化蕴含着兼容并包、多元融合、天人合一的哲学理念,在漫长的历史嬗变过程中渗透到了我国政治、经济、文化、民俗等各个方面,直至今天,龙仍然是传承文明的载体,寄托着中国人的情怀和梦想。国家兴盛、民族富强必有文化昌明与文化自信作支撑,这也是弘扬龙文化的当代课题和时代要求。
1878年,清朝政府授权海关在北京、天津、烟台、牛庄(营口)、上海五地试办邮政,同年发行了中国第一套邮票,图样为江山云龙,后世习惯称之为“大龙邮票”。该套邮票的发行,是我国近代邮政创办的标志。
清朝末年,龙作为官方形象标志开始出现在外交、海关、金融、邮政等领域。今年是大龙邮票发行140周年,由中国邮政邮票博物馆、中国海关博物馆联袂发起,联合中国第一历史档案馆、中国第二历史档案馆、中国印钞造币博物馆、北京印钞厂博物馆、天津邮政博物馆、上海邮政博物馆共8家单位共同举办了此次文物珍品巡展,汇集了60余件含有龙元素的精品文物,以助力龙文化的研究与传播。
本次巡展以大龙邮票的首发地天津为起点,陆续在天津、北京、营口、烟台、上海等地展出。
一、晚清邮政变局
1840年第一次鸦片战争以后,清政府统治力愈发衰弱,西方列强纷纷入侵,反清农民起义声势浩大,改良与革命运动风起云涌,当时的邮政通信状况折射出了这种时代背景。晚清大致并行着三类邮政通信系统,一是古老的邮驿,二是民间信局,三是西方列强擅自在我国开办的邮政组织。邮政通信主权旁落,效率低下,管理混乱。面对来自各个方面的压力,清政府于1878年开始委托海关试办现代邮政,并于1896年3月20日正式批准开办清代国家邮政。
1.邮驿组织
我国最早的有组织通信活动出现于殷商时代。秦始皇统一中国后,制定了最早的邮传法令,组成了较为完整的国家邮驿体系。邮驿在历史上主要服务于政府,其通信功能主要体现在负责政府信息和公文的传递。唐、宋、元历代邮驿发展各有特色,明清两代,因袭旧制,至清末已是千疮百孔,最终被现代邮政所替代。
绪五年(1879)浙江按察使司发温处道排单
为驿站传递公文填注的单据。
Progress Sheet An progress sheet from Zhejiang to Wenzhou was used in local courier stations to deliver the official documents in the fifth year of Emperor Guangxu's Reign (1879).
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum光绪三十二年(1906)吉林将军发直隶总督部堂火票
为驿站传递紧急公文的凭证。
Urgent Dispatch Marker
An dispatch marker was issued by Jilin General's office to Chihli Governor as a certificate to deliver the urgent official documents in the 32rd year of Emperor Guangxu's Reign (1906).
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
2.民间信局
民信局是民间自发形成的通信组织,据中华民国时期出版的《中国邮政事务总论》记述,民信局约始于明朝永乐年间。民信局作为私营商业机构,收寄民间信件、包裹、办理汇兑业务,有内地信局、轮船信局、侨批局等多种形式。清代咸丰、同治年间,是民信局发展的鼎盛时期,全国有大小信局数千家。20世纪二三十年代,民国政府宣布取缔民信局。
苏州天顺政记信局实寄封
为咸丰九年(1859)从宜兴寄北京。
The Envelop of a Posted Letter
The envelop from Yixing to Beijing was delivered by Tianshun(Zhengji) Private Mail Office of Suzhou in the ninth year of Emperor Xianfeng's Reign (1859).
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
3.商埠邮政
鸦片战争后,清政府被迫与西方列强签订了一系列不平等条约,开放了一批沿海沿江城市为通商口岸。列强在各地租界的所谓“工部局”开办了形形色色的书信馆,办理邮政业务,名称五花八门,管理各自为政,甚至自行设计发行邮票以谋取利益,这些邮票习惯称为“商埠邮票”。其中“上海工部局书信馆”为当时影响最大的商埠邮政,随着1897年清代国家邮政将其接收,其他各地“书信馆”也逐渐销声匿迹。
“工部大龙”邮票
同治四年(1865)上海工部局书信馆发行,全套10枚,为银两面值。
Treaty Port Stamps
The 10 candarions valued Large Dragons were issued in Shanghai treaty port in the forth year of Emperor Tongzhi's Reign(1865), popularly named as “Shanghai L.P.O. Large Dragons”.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
烟台商埠邮票
光绪十九年(1893),外国人在烟台擅自成立了所谓“烟台商埠邮政委员会”,并首次发行了1套邮票,全套8枚。
Chefoo Treaty Port Stamps
In the 19th year of Emperor Guangxu's Reign(1893), the western colonialists set up so-called “Chefoo Treaty Port Post Committee” without China's permission and initially issued a set of stamps.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
4.外国在华邮局
19世纪中叶,清政府的主权受到了西方列强的严重侵犯,邮政主权受到侵犯便是一例。西方列强擅自在中国领土上开设外国邮局,行使其本国邮政章程,贴用各自国家的邮票,盖印使用其本国语言刻制的邮戳。1834年,广州出现的“英国邮局”是第一例,其后法、美、日、德、俄等相继在上海设立了自己的邮局,随之泛滥各地。软弱的清政府只能听之任之,并自欺欺人,美其名曰“客邮”。
德国专印胶州邮票
光绪二十六年(1900)印制,面值1马克。
Stamps Specially Printed by Alien Post Offices in China
This is a set of 1 mark valued stamps specially printed by Germany Post Office in Jiaozhou in the 26th year of Emperor Guangxu's Reign.(1900)
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
5.海关试办邮政
第二次鸦片战争(1856年—1860年)后,清政府被迫与英、法签订了《天津条约》,各国公使、随员有在中国境内自由来往、收发书信的权利,清政府负有保护的责任。当时各国驻华使臣的信函,主要由清政府总理各国事务衙门交驿站代为递送。1866年,收寄外国使臣文件事务改由海关总税务司署兼办。1878年,在清政府和北洋大臣李鸿章支持下,总税务司赫德(R.Hart)委托天津海关税务司德璀琳(G.Detring)以天津为中心,在天津、北京、烟台、牛庄(营口)、上海5地试办邮政,同年海关邮政发行了中国第一套邮票——大龙邮票。
海关邮袋
为19世纪后期总税务司赫德专用邮袋,大致使用年代为同治、光绪年间,袋面、袋里各印有收寄信息,收寄方翻袋后即可反向投寄对方。袋内外相关文字明确表达了驿站与海关配合转递邮袋等信息,见证了海关兼办政府公文、外交邮件等邮递业务的历史史实。
Mail Bag
This mail bag was once used by Robert Hart, the second Inspector General of the Imperial Maritime Customs and consurrently Administrator of the Customs Post Office. Addresses of receiving and sending parties can be found outside and inside of the bag. Turn inside out, the mail bag could be sent back to the sending party. The related words inside and outside of the bag clearly expresses the information of courier stations and Customs cooperating to deliver the mailbag, which has witnessed the historical fact that the Customs has handled both the government document diplomatic mail delivery and other postal services.
提供 中国海关博物馆
Courtesy of China Customs Museum
6.大龙邮票
中国发行的第一套邮票,全套3枚,面值分别为1分银(黄绿色)、3分银(朱红色)、5分银(橘黄色),邮票由上海海关造册处印制,首先在天津发行使用。因该套邮票主图为龙,且图幅较大,后世习惯称之为“大龙邮票”,1988年大龙邮票发行110周年时,原邮电部正式将其定名为中国大龙邮票,简称大龙邮票。因档案材料缺失,大龙邮票的发行日期据集邮界考证,上限为1878年7月24日。关于邮票设计者,目前尚无权威定论。大龙邮票是中国现代邮政发端的重要标志物,在中国邮政发展史上具有里程碑式的意义,拥有无法替代的历史地位。
费拉尔手绘图稿
为1877年海关组织设计第一套邮票的手绘图稿之一,其左、上、右三张印样,分别是万年有象图、宝塔图和云龙图。云龙图的正中是一条张牙舞爪的大龙,周围装饰祥云、海浪和江崖。大龙邮票的图案设计对其后发行的大清邮政第一套邮票产生了影响。
Stamp Blue Print
This is one of stamp blue prints designed by R.A. de Villarda.It is composed of three colorful proofs,i.e. the elephant(left),pagoda (above) and the cloud-and-dragon (right).In the center of the cloud-and-dragon design is a giant dragon with bare fangs and brandish claws decorated by auspicious clouds, sea waves and cliffs.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
大龙邮票3分银、无齿、横双连试模印样
上海海关造册处印制大龙邮票时采用了活版凸印的工艺,先镌刻一个母模,再由母模翻铸成多个子模,拼成一个印版,通过墨棍把油墨均匀地涂到印版凸起的图文上,加压后从印版转印到纸上。
Die Proofs of 3 candarins, imperforated, one pair.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
大龙邮票3分银彩色印样六方连
Large Dragon Stamp,Colour proofs of 3 candarins, a block of 6.
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
大龙邮票1分银、3分银、5分银彩色印样
Large Dragon Stamp,Colour proofs of the three values
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
大龙邮票1分银、3分银、5分银全张
A sheet of 1 candarin Large Dragon Stamps、A sheet of 3 candarins Large Dragon Stamps、A sheet of 5 candarins Large Dragon Stamps
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
薄纸大龙邮票
上海海关造册处印制的第一期大龙邮票于1878年发行,纸质薄而呈半透明状,票幅22.5毫米×25.5毫米,图幅间距基本为2.5毫米,全张枚数为25(5×5),3分银有少量为20(4×5),该版邮票习惯称之为“薄纸大龙”。
Large Dragon Stamp Printed on Thin Paper
The Large Dragons were officially printed in three phases by Statistical Department of Shanghai Customs. The stamps of the first phase were printed in 1878 on thin and semitransparent paper with a 2.5mm marginal space between two adjacent stamps, commonly known as Thin Paper Large Dragons. The total number of a sheet of stamps is 25(5× 5), and a small amount stamps of 3 candarins is 20(4×5). Design Size,22.5×25.5mm.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
阔边大龙邮票
上海海关造册处印制的第二期大龙邮票于1882年发行,因排版重新组合,子模之间距离加大,票幅为26.5毫米×29.5毫米,图幅间距4.5毫米,习惯称之为“阔边大龙”。
Wide Margin Large Dragon Stamps
The Large Dragons of the second phase were printed in 1878. Due to recombination of printing plates, the distance between reproduced dies has been increased. As a result, the marginal space of the stamps was expanded to 4.5mm, which commonly known as Wide Margin Large Dragons.
Design Size,26.5×29.5mm.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
厚纸大龙光齿
上海海关造册处印制的第三期大龙邮票于1883年发行,纸质稍厚而不透明,习惯称之为“厚纸大龙”。先印者齿孔光洁,称为“大龙厚纸光齿”,后印者齿孔毛糙,称为“大龙厚纸毛齿”。
Thick Paper Large Dragons with Clean-cut Perforations
The Large Dragons of the third phase were printed on thick and non-transparent paper in 1883, commonly known as Thick Paper Large Dragons. The stamps produced earlier in this phase have clean-cut perforations and are also referred to as Thick Paper Large Dragons with Clean-cut Perforations.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
厚纸大龙毛齿
Thick Paper Large Dragons with Rough Perforations
The stamps produced later in the third phase have rough perforations and are then called Thick Paper Large Dragons with Rough Perforations.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
大龙邮票 5分银加盖“C.P.D”(海关邮务处)戳记 10枚连张
Large Dragon Stamps
A sheet of ten Large Dragons 5ca.,cancelled by “C.P.D”framed h.s.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
光绪八年(1882)天津寄北京总理衙门贰拾玖号实寄封
贴有阔边大龙邮票2枚(1、5分银各1枚),原大123×246毫米。
The Envelop Bearing Large Dragons
The 1882 envelope from Tianjin to the Qing government's Yamen of Foreign Affairs in Beijing bearing Large Dragon wide margin 1 ca. and 5ca., with original size,123mm×246mm.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
赫德大龙实寄封
1882年11月13日由中国海关总税务司赫德书写的实寄封,从天津寄往北京。上面贴有第二期阔边大龙邮票3分银1枚,销天津椭圆形中文戳。
The Envelop Bearing Large Dragons
The 1882 envelope from Tianjin to Beijing with the address written by Robert Hurt,bearing the second phrase Large Dragons wide margin 3 ca., cancelled by Chinese rectangular dater (Tientsin).
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
德璀琳家书实寄封
1880年7月13日由天津寄往德国,贴3分银大龙邮票1枚。信封上销天津大型篆文黑色椭圆戳及海关1880年7月13日圆戳,上海海关7月18日黑色圆戳,威斯巴登9月3日黑色圆戳。
The Envelop Bearing Large Dragons
The envelope from Gustar Von Detring,Tianjin to Germany bearing Large Dragon 3 ca.,cancelled Chinese rectangular dater (Tientsin),“Custom/ Tientsin”double-ring transit d.s. of “Jul 13”, “Custom/ Shanghai”double-ring transit d.s. of “Jul 18”and Wiesbaden of “Sep 3”, all seal in black.
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
光绪八年十二月初十日(1882)总理衙门电报实寄封
贴3分银大龙邮票2枚。此封为竖式红框,右列“第()号()局来报录封交津海关税务司由拨驷达递呈”,中间为“总理各国事务衙门 钧禀”,左列“光绪()年()月()日()时()刻()分天津电报分局谨封”
The Envelop Bearing Large Dragons
The 1882 telegram envelop of the Qing government's Yamen of Foreign Affairs bearing Large Dragon 3ca.
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
1884年3月8日牛庄寄英国实寄封
贴大龙邮票3分银2枚,其中1枚脱落。该封盖有牛庄使用的大龙邮票圆形戳,上半部是英文“CUSTOMS”(海关),下半部是中国地名“NEWCHWANG”(牛庄),信封上还盖有“Tientsin”(天津),“SHANGHAI”(上海)等邮戳。
The Envelop Bearing Large Dragons
The 1884 (8 Mar.)envelop from Newchwang to Britain, bearing Large Dragon 1 ca. Pair.(with one lost), cancelled by“Customs/Newchwang” double-ring d.s.,“Tientsin”,“SHANGHAI”and other seals.
提供 天津邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Tianjin Post Museum
7.清政府开办国家邮政
1878年清政府委托海关试办邮政,经过十多年的筹划与运行,海关邮政也已初具规模。19世纪末期,在朝野上下有识之士的强烈呼吁下,置邮裁驿的呼声日渐高涨。从邮政主权、国计民生等多方面考虑出发,清政府将“议办邮政”一事提上议事日程。1896年3月20日,光绪帝在《总理衙门遵议办理邮政折》上御批“依议”二字,宣告清代国家邮政正式开办。大清邮政官局任命海关总税务司赫德兼总邮政司,发布了《大清邮政章程》,清代国家邮政从此开始步入正轨。现代邮政的全面实施是中国现代化进程的一个组成部分,在国家统一、经济发展、社会进步、民族团结等各个方面发挥了重要的推动作用。
光绪二十一年(1895)湖广总督张之洞奏请开办邮政折
A Memorial to the Throne
In 1895, Zhang Zhidong, the governor-general of Hu-Guang (Hunan and Guangdong) presented this memorial to the throne for the founding of the national postal service in the 21th year of Emperor Guangxu's Reign.
提供 中国第一历史档案馆
Courtesy of the First Historical Archives of China
总税务司邮政章程
光绪二十二年(1896),总理衙门上《议办邮政折》,光绪皇帝朱批“依议”。折后附有总税务司的《邮政章程清单》,光绪皇帝朱批“览”。据此,国家邮政奉旨开办。全国邮政事务仍由北京海关总税务司署管理。
A Memorial to the Throne
In 1896,the emperor Guangxu gave his approval by writing the Chinese character “Lan”(Read) in vermilion on the postal regulations drafted by Inspector-General of the Imperial Customs. Therefore,the national postal service was ordered to start up under the control of the Inspector-General of the Imperial Customs.
提供 中国第一历史档案馆
Courtesy of the First Historical Archives of China
宣统二年(1911)邮传部奏请裁撤驿站折
为裁改各省驿站扩充邮政事
A Memorial to the Throne
In 1911,the Ministry of Communications presented the memorial requesting the emperor dissolving the provincial post stations for the purpose of expanding the modern postal service in China.
提供 中国第一历史档案馆
Courtesy of the First Historical Archives of China
宣统二年(1911)总理衙门议办邮政抄折
为议办邮政请由海关现设邮递推广与各国联会以便商民而收利权事。
The Transcription of Memorial
In 1911,the Qing government's Yamen of Foreign Affairs presented the memorial requesting the establishment of a national post office by extending the Customs Post from the treaty ports inland to the entire country and building relationship with Universal Postal Union in purpose of regaining the postal sovereignty to provide postal convenience for Chinese businesses and people.
提供 中国第一历史档案馆
Courtesy of the First Historical Archives of China
清代明信片绯红色,单片,光绪二十三年(1897)。
Postcard
The 1897 postcard with a dragon drawing on it, in crimson colour, single.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
大清邮筒设计图
图形中绘有一条天龙盘筒而上。光绪三十二年(1906),在北京、天津等大城市设置街头邮筒。
Mailbox Blue Print
The mailbox blue print with a dragon figure. In 1906, these mailboxes began to be set up in the street of Beijing, Tianjin and other big cities in China.
提供 中国第二历史档案馆
Courtesy of the Second Historical Archives of China
北京大清邮政信筒分布图
图中介绍了清代北京城邮筒分布情况及如何使用邮筒寄信。光绪三十二年(1906),北京城内共设置街头邮筒50处。
Mailbox Distribution Map
This map shows the mailbox distribution in Beijing and how to use mailbox to send letters. By 1906,the city of Beijing were set up 50 mailboxes.
提供 中国第二历史档案馆
Courtesy of the Second Historical Archives of China
大清国邮政汇银票
宣统二年(1910)邮局办理的邮政汇兑票。汇款人购买邮票,以邮票邮资作为汇款的金额。邮票贴在单据上,单据和邮票一分为二,一半邮局寄递给收汇局,另一半由汇款人挂号寄递给收汇人,收汇人凭此到邮局领取汇款。
Postal Remittance of Imperial Post Office
This is a piece of postal remittance delivered by the Imperial Post Office in 1910. The remitter purchases the stamps as the postage of remittance. The receipts bearing stamps were divided in two parts: one is sen to the collection administration;the other is sent as registered mail to the receiver as the certificate to draw the money from local post office.
提供 中国第二历史档案馆
Courtesy of the Second Historical Archives of China
清代邮政局旗
宽2.5米,长1.4米。同治七年(1868),清政府派出的第一个外交使团出访西方,龙旗以中国国旗身份进入国际视野。到了19世纪末期,龙旗已经被国际社会所普遍认可。
China Mail Flag
L.1.4m,W.2.5m.In 1868,the Qing government sent the first diplomatic mission to visit western countries and the dragon flag as the Chinese national flag has entered the international stage.
提供 上海邮政博物馆
Courtesy of Shanghai Post Museum
二、龙以载道,以文化人
文化是民族的血脉,是人民的精神家园。文化自信是更基本、更深层、更持久的力量。中华文化独一无二的理念、智慧、气度、神韵,增添了中国人民和中华民族内心深处的自信和自豪。
龙,是中华民族的图腾和象征,在龙文化漫长的发展形成过程中,蕴含着求同存异、和而不同的处世方法,文以载道、以文化人的教化思想,形神兼备、情景交融的美学追求,集中表达了中国人民的思想观念、风俗习惯、生活方式和情感样式,具有积极的现实意义。
户部官票(伍两)、大清宝钞(佰仟文)
清咸丰三年(1853)发行的两种不兑换纸币,流通时间不足10年。大清宝钞以银两为单位,户部官票以制钱为单位,二者被合称为“钞票”。
Baochao & Guanpiao
Baochao and Guanpiao were two kinds of non-convertible paper currency issued in 1853 and have been in circulation for less than ten years, both collectively known as Chaopiao (banknotes).
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
大清银行兑换券(载沣像)
清宣统三年(1911)由美国技师海趣设计雕刻的纸币,是中国采用钢凹版印制的第一套纸币,未正式发行。
Bank Exchange Notes with Zaifeng's Portrait
This set of notes were designed and carved by American engraver Lorenzo J.Hatch in 1911, unissued.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
北洋天津银号伍两(李鸿章像)
由袁世凯创立的天津银号所发行的银两票,票面印有李鸿章头像。
Banknotes
Five taels note was issued by Tianjin private banking house during the period of Beiyang Government.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
小龙邮票
由于多次印刷,大龙邮票的印模已经严重磨损,不堪再用。清光绪十一年(1885)海关邮政部门印制和发行了中国第二套邮票,因图案、铭记、面值、刷色与大龙邮票相似,而图幅与大龙邮票相比略小,故被称为“小龙邮票”。
Small Dragon Stamp
By 1884,the original copper molds of Large Dragons had gradually been worn out after years of repeated printing and new molds were need to be made. Therefore, the Customs Post Office has printed and issued China's second set of stamps in 1885(one that is 1886), which is similar to that of Large Dragons in design,face value,colors and shades, while the stamp size was smaller, so called “Small Dragon Stamp”.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
龙马邮票
清光绪十四年(1888),台湾省新式邮政开办时期未发行的邮票,主图上龙下马,习惯称为“龙马邮票”。
Taiwan Dragon and Horse Stamps
This is a set of unissued stamps during the establishment of Taiwan province modern post service in 1888. With the central design of dragon and horse,it was called “Taiwan Dragon and Horse Stamps”.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
蟠龙邮票
清代国家邮政成立后,1897年正式发行的第一套普通邮票,主图共包括蟠龙、跃鲤和飞雁3种图案,由于蟠龙图案邮票使用最为广泛,所以这套邮票被统称为“蟠龙邮票”。
Coiling Dragon Stamps
The 1897 Coiling Dragon Stamps was the first set of ordinary stamps issued by the Imperial Customs Post, including three issues, i.e., Coiling Dragon,Jumping Carp and Flying Goose.
提供 中国邮政邮票博物馆
Courtesy of China National Post and Postage Stamp Museum
奉天机械局机制币一套(1角、2角、5角、1元)
中国较早以元计值的一套机制币,由1896年创建的奉天机械局制造。
Milled Coins
This is an earlier set of Chinese milled coins valued in Yuan made by Fengtian Machinery Bureau in 1896.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
大清银币
以清末“币制则例”为根据,以“元”为单位,1911年正式开铸的“国币”。
Silver Coins
According to monetary policy in the late Qing Dynasty , silver coin as the national currency began to be minted with the value of Yuan.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
龙凤纪念金币
以金为材质的贵金属纪念币,以“龙凤呈祥”为主题,属于1990年发行的龙凤纪念金银币系列。
Gold Coins
The gold coins belongs to the series of dragon and phoenix commemorative gold and silver coins issued in 1990.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
2000年龙年生肖大铜章
上海造币有限公司出品的“十二生肖高浮雕大铜章”中的一枚,以“金龙戏珠”为主题,由铜玉铸成。
Copper and Jade Badge
This badge was made of copper and jade from Shanghai Coinage co. LTD in 2000. As one of the twelve zodiac-themed bronze badges it features the design of a dragon playing with pearl.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum
千禧纪念钞
为迎接新世纪到来,中国人民银行于2000年11月28日发行了“迎接新世纪”纪念钞,钞票主色调为橘色,正面主景以北京九龙壁“升龙”为设计元素,背面主景为迎接新世纪的代表性建筑——中华世纪坛。这是我国首次也是唯一一次采用塑料基片材质印制的纸币,面额100元,发行量1000万枚。
Commemorative Banknotes
On 28 November 2000, the People's Bank of China issued a set of commemorative banknotes for the coming of a new century. The main color of the banknote is orange with the design of dragons and the China Millennium Monument on reverse.This is the first and only set of banknotes printed with plastic substrates in China, with a denomination of 100 yuan and a circulation of 10 million pieces.
提供 中国印钞造币博物馆
Courtesy of China Banknote Printing and Minting Museum